Sur - Note Teewar Sur - Sharp Notes (Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni, Sa) Komal Sur - Flat Notes (sa, re, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni, sa) Saptak - The set of seven notes, the octave, the musical scale Mandra Saptak - Lower Octave (sa, re, ga, ma, pa, dha, ni, sa) Madhya Saptak - Middle Octave (Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni, Sa) Tar Saptak - Higher Octave (SA, RE, GA, MA, PA, DHA, NI, SA) Laya - Speed and/or the tempo Vilambit Laya - Slow Tempo Madhya Laya - Medium Tempo Drut Laya - Fast Tempo Virtik - altered notes Raga - A total tonal complex Sa to Ni - Aroha Ni to Sa - Avaroha Thaats - parent scales from which ragas are derived Asthai - Chorous, usually the repetitive verse Antra - Followed by the Asthai, usually goes back to end on the asthai Vadi - The prominent note, determines the time/mood of the raga Samvadi - Governs the raga forward by highlighting the vadi Audav - Pentatonic Shadav - Heexatonic Sampurna - Heptatonic Ahkar - Singing the notes, not naming them Arohi - Ascending (from Sa to Ni) Avrohi - Descending (from Ni to Sa) Komal to Teewar - Ragas of the night Teewar to Komal - Ragas of the day Thaats - Parent scales, ragas are derived from Thaats Avartan - A musical cycle Sum - The prominent note Matra - Beat Taals - Beat Cycle Peshkar - Introduction to the raag (a tabla solo) Tihai - A single phrase repeated three times to end on the sum Qaida Improv - Bal kholna (raila) Gat - Fixed composition. (some gats are tihais) Thumri - a musical genre in Bhraj Bhasha where the theme revolves around the separation of lovers mainaly the Hindu deity Krishna; is usually divided into bol baant and bol banao Bol Banao - Elaborates on the bol Bol Baant - Bols distributed across the taal, leaving room for improv and languorous development. (famous for dance purposes, especially kathak) Pahari - Thumri based in raag Punjabi Ang Thumri - Punjabi styled thumris Dadra - A technique similar to thumri but differs in terms of execution. Has more lyrics than a thumri, poetry doesn’t conform, might also be a faster format. Ghazal - Lyrically heavy, where rhythm and music is considered and has less room for improvisation. Pakar - First word spoken Mukhra - First line concluding on sum